Highlights
- •Recurrence in IGM is the most important parameter that limits the quality of life and affects the response to treatment.
- •High background enhancement on magnetic resonance imaging is a risk factor for recurrence.
- •Low ADC value on magnetic resonance imaging is a risk factor for recurrence.
- •The results of our study may be beneficial in treatment planning and follow-up.
Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings related to recurrence of idiopathic
granulomatous mastitis (IGM).
Methods
Demographic data [age, number of births, duration of lactation period, body mass index
(BMI) and presence of recurrence] of 71 patients who were diagnosed with IGM were
analyzed retrospectively. Characteristics of IGM (maximum width, location, involvement
of the retroareolar region, deep tissue, skin), fibroglandular density (FGD), background
parenchymal enhancement (BPE), distribution and pattern of contrast enhancement, presence
of prepectoral edema, abscesses, fistulae, axillary lymphadenopathies on MRI and apparent
diffusion coefficient (ADC) values from the pathological area were recorded.
Results
The recurrence rate in patients was 59% (42/71). We found a statistically significant
relationship between recurrence and BPE (p = 0.028) and mean ADC (p = 0.035) values
(for the cut-off of 1.00 × 10−3 mm2/s; sensitivity = 61.9%, specificity = 69%, AUC = 0.648). However, patients' age (p = 0.346),
lactation period (p = 0.470), number of births (p = 0.774), BMI (p = 0.630) maximum
width of the area of enhancement (p = 0.112), involvement of the retroareolar region
(p = 0.290), deep tissue (p = 0.285), skin (p = 0.230), distribution (p = 0.857) and
enhancement pattern (p = 0.157), presence of prepectoral edema (p = 0.094), abscesses
(p = 0.441), fistulae (p = 0.809), lymphadenopathies (p = 0.571), and FGT (p = 0.098)
were not significantly associated with recurrence.
Conclusion
Our results revealed that recurrent IGM patients showed high BPE and lower mean ADC
values. We think that high BPE and low mean ADC (<1.00 × 10−3 mm2/s) on MRI at the diagnosis stage may be a sign of possible future recurrence, and
it will be beneficial to follow the patients more closely and arrange the treatment
algorithms accordingly.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: February 03, 2022
Accepted:
January 20,
2022
Received in revised form:
December 18,
2021
Received:
August 10,
2021
Identification
Copyright
© 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
